Network topology

Network topology 

is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network.Essentially, it is the topological structure of a network, and may be depicted physically or logically. Physical topology refers to the placement of the network's

various components, including device location and cable installation, while logical topology shows how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design. Distances between nodes, physical interconnections, transmission rates, and/or signal types may differ between two networks, yet their topologies may be identical.

A good example is a local area network (LAN): Any given node in the LAN has one or more physical links to other devices in the network; graphically mapping these links results in a geometric shape that can be used to describe the physical topology of the network. Conversely, mapping the data flow between the components determines the logical topology of the network.

There are two basic categories of network topologies:

1. Physical topologies
2. Logical topologies

The study of network topology recognizes eight basic topologies:

• Point-to-point
• Bus
• Star
• Ring or circular
• Mesh
• Tree
• Hybrid
• Daisy chain

bus topology: All devicesare connected to a central cable, called the bus or backbone. Bus networks are relatively inexpensive and easy to install for small networks. Ethernet systems use a bus topology.

Ring Topology : All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop, so that each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of it. Ring topologies are relatively expensive and difficult to install, but they offer high bandwidth and can span large distances.

Star topology: All devices are connected to a central hub. Star networks are relatively easy to install and manage, but bottlenecks can occur because all data must pass through the hub. Resources: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/topology.html

Information technology

Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data,^[1]often in the context of a business or other enterprise.^[2] The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, such as computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, e-commerce and computer services.^[3][a]

In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has defined information technology as "the study, design, development, application, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems".^[5] The responsibilities of those working in the field include network administration, software development and installation, and the planning and management of an organization's technology life cycle, by which hardware and software is maintained, upgraded and replaced.

Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC,^[6] but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)."^[7]

Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC – 1450 AD), mechanical (1450–1840), electromechanical (1840–1940) and electronic (1940–present).^[6] This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic), which began in about 1940.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology

Comment: Basically IT is an abbreviation of Information technology which is an application of computer to store and manipulate data. :)  

ARE YOU A CARING PERSON? Try our questionnaire- and answer truthfully!

1.) If you saw a homeless person, what would you do?

     a.) Not do anything
     b.) Talk to her/him and give her/him food.
     c.) Yell a bad word to her/him.


2.) If you found your friend was Ill, would you take care of her/him?
 
     a.)No, I would pretend like I know nothing, because take care of a person would make me feel                                exhausted.
     b.)No, I wouldn't take care of her/him because I still have another thing to do
     c.)Yes, I would take care of her/him because she/he is my friend.
 

3.)If you found your friend swearing, what would you do?
 
    a.) Tell all teachers.
    b.) Tell/remind the person not to say  bad words.
    c.) Pretend like you hear nothing, and not do anything


4.) If you saw a rubbish around your environment, what would you do?
 
     a.) Walk past and not do anything
     b.) Pick it up and put the rubbish into a rubbish bin.
     c.)  Kick the rubbish to make it unseen.


5.)If you won a competition and received a huge amount of money, what would you do?
 
    a.) Spend all the money for your personal needs.
    b.) Share half of the money to other people that need the money.
    c.) Use all the money for celebration party.

Answers:

    1.) a: 2 b:4 c:0
    2.) a:0 b:2 c:4
    3.) a:2 b:4 c:0
    4.) a: 0 b:4 c:2
    5.) a:0 b:4 c:2

Results :

   less than 8 points: You don't really care to others. You need to show your empathy to others, if you don't,                               it means that arrogance is one of your characteristic and people will start to go away                                     from you.

13- 8 points: Sometimes you care for other people and your surrounding, but you often forget to look                               around and be busy with your own business. and it is shown that you've less empathetic to                             others.

More than 13 points: Well done- you're perfect! keep it up!